Ctruth
"Seeking the Truth about Chronology Today"
Fathers and Founders List
This article was originally based on the information presented in the wiki article.[1] The rest has been filled in after finds from outside of the wiki. This list serves as a reference for when certain studies were officially established. I’m not aware of any other list on the internet which contains information presented in the way I’ve presented this information. The list is ordered by the birth date of the person who is considered the founding member of a specific study. The dates in BC have BC after their numbers. The dates in AD do not have AD after their numbers.
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Thucydides (5th century BC) – Father of Scientific History, Father of the School of Political Realism
Herodotus (484-425 BC) – Father of History, Father of Lies, Father of Greek Historiography
Hippocrates (c.460-370 BC) – Father of Medicine
Aristotle (c.300s BC) – Father of Biology, Father of Logic, Father of Rhetoric
Euclid (c.300s-200s BC) – Father of Geometry
Archimedes (c.200s BC) – Father of Mathematics
Eratosthenes (c.200s-100s BC) – Father of Geography
Sima Qian (c.100s-1 BC) – Father of Chinese Historiography
Eusebius of Caesarea (c.260-340) – Father of Church History
Saint Benedict of Nursia (fl. 6th century) – Father of Western Monasticism
Venerable Bede (c.672-735) – Father of English History
Jabir ibn Hayyan (c.721-815) – Father of Chemistry
Muhammed ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (780-850) – Father of Algebra
Abul-Kasim Hasan Pur-Ali Tusi Ferdowsi (c.940-1020) – Father of Iranology
Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374) – Father of Humanism
Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) – Father of Historiography, Father of Cultural History, Father of the Philosophy of History
Geoffrey Chaucer (c.1343-1400) – Father of English Literature
Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli (1391-1453) – Father of (Classical) Archaeology
Galileo Galilei (1473-1543) – Father of Modern Physics/Science
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) – Father of Modern Astronomy
Juan Luis Vives (1493-1540) – Father of Modern Psychology
Felix Felicianus of Verona (15th century) – Father of Epigraphical Forgery [2]
Giorgio Vasari (1511-1574) – Father of Art History
Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) – Father of Modern Anatomy
Conrad Gesner (1516-1565) – Father of Bibliography
Hieronymus Wolf (1516-1580) – Father of Byzantine Studies
Joseph Scaliger (1540-1609) – Father of Modern Chronology
William Gilbert (1544-1603) – Father of Electricity and Magnetism
John Amos Comenius (1592-1670) – Father of Modern Education
René Descartes (1596-1650) – Father of Modern Philosophy, Father of Modern Epistemology
Francesco Redi (1626-1697) – Father of Parasitology
Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694) – Father of Microscopical Anatomy, Histology, Physiology, and Embryology
Dom Jean Mabillon, O.S.B. (1632-1707) – Father of Palaeography, Father of Diplomatics
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) – Father of Microbiology, Father of Protozoology
Nicolas Steno (1638-1686) – Founder of Stratigraphy
Thomas Tompion (1639-1713) – Father of English Clockmaking
Isaac Newton (1643-1726) – Father of Classical Mechanics, Father of Physics
Montesquieu (1689-1755) – Progenitor of Anthropology
Anne Claude de Caylus (1692-1765) – Father of Classical Archaeology
Peter Artedi (1705-1735) – Father of Ichthyology
Gerhard Friedrich Müller (1705-1783) – Father of Ethnography
Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) – Father of Ecology, Father of Taxonomy
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) – Father of the Modern Dictionary
Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717-1768) – Father of Modern Archeology, Father of Classical Archaeology
James Hutton (1726-1797) – Father of Geology
James Watt (1736-1819) – Father of Mechanical Engineering
Joseph Eckhel (1737-1798) – Father of Numismatics
Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) – Father of Modern Chemistry, Father of Nutrition
René Just Haüy (1743-1822) – Father of Modern Crystallography
Lindley Murray (1745-1826) – Father of English Grammar
Sir William Jones (1746-1794) – Father of Indology
Ernst Chladni XR (1756-1827) – Father of Acoustics
Erik Acharius (1757-1819) – Father of Lichenology
Noah Webster Jr. (1758-1843) – Father of American Scholarship and Education
William Kirby (1759-1850) – Father of Entomology
Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) – Founding Father of Paleontology
Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) – Father of Ecology
Luke Howard (1772-1864) – Father of Meteorology
Sir George Cayley (1773-1857) – Father of Aerodynamics, Father of the Aeroplane, Father of Aerial Navigation
André-Marie Ampère (1775-1836) – Father of Electrodynamics
Jean-François Champollion (1790-1832) – Father of Egyptology
Michael Faraday (1791-1867) – Father of Electricity
Horace Mann (1796-1859) – Father of American Education
Sir John Gardner Wilkinson (1797-1875) – Father of British Egyptology
Matthew Maury (1806-1873) – Father of Oceanography
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) – Father of Evolution
Robert Mallet (1810-1881) – Father of Seismology
Austen Henry Layard (1817-1894) – Father of Assyriology
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) – Father of Genetics
Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) – Father of Biogeography
Sir Dietrich Brandis (1824-1907) – Father of Tropical Forestry and Scientific Forestry
William Stubbs (1825-1901) – Father of Modern History
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) – Father of Psychology
Oswald Schmiedeberg (1838-1921) – Father of Modern Pharmacology
Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839-1903) – Father of Energetics
Josef Ritter von Karabacek (1845-1918) – Founder of (Arabic) Papyrology
Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky (1847-1921) – Father of Russian Aeronautics, Founder of Modern Hydrodynamics
Gottlob Frege (1848-1925) – Father of Modern Logic
Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie (1853-1942) – Father of Archaeology
Roberto Mantovani (1854-1933) – Father of Expanding Earth Theory, Father of Continental Drift
Father of Psychoanalysis – Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Franz Boas (1858-1942) – Father of American Anthropology and Modern Anthropology
Aleksey Shakhmatov (1864-1920) – Founder of Scientific Textology
A. E. Douglass (1867-1962) – Father of Dendrochronology
Vernon Louis Parrington (1871-1929) – Father of American Studies
Edward Johnston (1872-1944) – Father of Modern Calligraphy
Dr. Ludwig Klages (1872-1956) – Father of Modern Graphology
Wilhelm Schubart (1873-1960) – Founder of (Greek) Papyrology
Robert Elmer Horton (1875-1945) – Father of Hydrology
Albert Einstein (1879-1955) – Father of Physics
Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) – Father of Plate Tectonics
Howell Williams (1898-1980) – Father of Modern Volcanology
Edward Louis Bernays (1891-1995) – Father of Public Relations (Propaganda)
G. Evelyn Hutchinson (1903-1991) – Father of Modern Ecology
Zhou Youguang (1906-2017) – Father of Pinyin
Konrad Lorenz (1909-1989) – A Founder of Modern Ethology
Heinrich C. Berann (1915-1999) – Father of Modern Cartography
Noam Chomsky (1928-present) – Father of Linguistics
This list is far from exhaustive. If there are any specific entries that you would like to have added to this list, please email me @ chronologytruth@gmail.com or comment below on this article. I am aiming to keep it limited to important studies, but also am open to adding fun/interesting ones as well.
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References:
[1] – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_considered_father_or_mother_of_a_scientific_field
[2] – Abbott, Frank Frost. “Some Spurious Inscriptions and Their Authors.” Classical Philology, vol. 3, no. 1, 1908, pp. 22–30. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/262031. Accessed 6 June 2020.
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Ctruth 
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