People Who Question/ed History

This is a list of people who question/ed history. The information in this article is directly taken from here. The only difference is some info is not included and the people are ordered chronologically. I made this article because the other one was difficult to find and I wanted to start my own list to add to as well. I also do not know how long that website will be up, and if something were to happen to it, there will be almost a complete backup contained in this article.

If you are viewing this article, please go check out there’s afterwards to see where I got my original information.

There is a concise list followed by a longer one that includes some biographical information for each person.

Names to add to the original list:
Nicolas Fréret (1688-1749)^{[2, p.93]}
Louis-Jean Lévesque de Pouilly (1691-1750)^{[2, p.93]}

“It may not be just to agree with De Maistre that History has been for the past three hundred years a conspiracy against the truth and against the Church…”
– The Catholic Historical Review, vol. 2, no. 2, 1916^{[1, p.240]}

Thomas L. Thompson (1939-present), questions Jewish origins.

Huang Hequin (c.1958-present), a professor at the School of Arts & Archeology at Zhejiang University, argues that Europeans built the Parthenon, the Great Pyramid, and Persepolis in the 19th century.

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There are currently 54 names on the list:

Jean de Launoy (1603-1678)

Nicolas Antonio (1617- 1684)

Isaac Newton (1642-1727)

Jean Hardouin (1646-1729)

Barthelemy Germon (1663-1712)

Gregorio Mayans y Siscar (1699-1781)

Nicolas Boulanger (1722-1759)

Manuel Lacunza (1732-1801)

Joseph Aschbach (1801-1881)

Polydore Hochart (1831-1916)

Reinhold Pallmann (1835-1894)

Edwin Johnson (1842-1901)

Nikolaj A. Morosov (1854-1946)

Arthur Drews (1865-1935)

Sir Galahad (1874-1948)

Oswald Spengler (1880-1932)

Wilhelm Kammeier (1889-1959)

Immanuel Velikovsky (1895-1975)

Robert Baldauf (fl. early 20th century)

Ignacio Olagüe (1903-1974)

Julio Caro Baroja (1914-1995)

Alfred de Grazia (1919-2014)

Günter Lüling (1928-2014)

Christoph Marx (1931-2016)

Horst Friedrich (1931-2015)

Gert Meier (1937-2019)

Eugen Gabowitsch (1938-2009)

Wolfram Zarnack (1938-present)

Paul C. Martin (1939-2020)

Uwe Topper (1940-present)

Ulrich Voigt (1941-present)

Karin Wagner (1941-present)

Gunnar Heinsohn (1943-present)

Anatoly Fomenko (1945-present)

Gernot Geise (1945-present)

Walter Haug (1945-present)

Hans-Ulrich Niemitz (1946-2010)

Jordan Tabov (1946-present)

Heribert Illig (1947-present)

François de Sarre (1947-present)

Peter Winzeler (1948-present)

Thomas Riemer (c.1950-c.2009)

Zainab Angelika Müller (1951-present)

Hermann Detering (1953-2018)

Christoph Pfister (1953-present)

Franz Siepe (1955-2013)

Christian Blöss (1957-present)

Gleb Nosovki (1958-present)

Andreas Tschurilow (1962-2013)

Emilio González Ferrín (1965-present)

Andreas Otte (1967-present)

Ilya U. Topper (1972-present)

Mischa Gabowitsch (1977-present)

Clark Whelton (fl.c.2000)

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Jean de Launoy (1603-1678)

1731-32: Opera omnia (Geneva)

The French theologian Launoy is known as “the tumbler of saints” because with his critical view an important number of so far venerated saints of the church were driven into oblivion because they proved to be pure fantasies. Working together with a group of friends in Paris he could claim some success in cleaning the barn but finally was banished and his writings were destroyed before being published. They had been saved though and were printed in Calvinist Geneva half a century later.

Nicolas Antonio (1617- 1684)

1742 (postum): Censura de historias fabulosas (Valencia)

Antonio founded the “New Spanish Library” which has been the base for Spanish Bibliography up to this day. He himself owned 30,000 books and had an astounding knowledge. In 1652 he began to doubt the veracity of the “Cronicones” of Higuera but received strong animosity. In his final work Censura de historias fabulosas he delivered all necessary proofs for his thesis, and some important persons endorsed them. Yet this unfinished work was only printed in 1742 through Gregorio Mayans y Siscar who had also studied at Salamanca like Antonio.

Isaac Newton (1642-1727)

1728: The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended

The famous mathematician Sir Isaac Newton did not accept the calculations of his contemporary scholars such as Pétau which are the fundaments of our modern chronology. Although his arguments were also based on the Bible and on theological reasons —a fact that doesn’t distinguish him from his opponents — he shortened the Egyptian History by 1800 years and the Greek History by 534 years. His ideas were finally not integrated into the overall accepted chronological scheme.

Jean Hardouin (1646-1729)

1693: Prolegomena ad censuram veterum scriptorum (Paris)

Hardouin, a very studied and renown Jesuit, becamedirector of the Royal Library of France in 1683 where he prepared an edition of the Council Records of the whole lifetime of the Catholic Church and laid down the fundaments of scientific historiography.
In 1690 he started publishing surprising views: according to him, all the Fathers of the Church —St. Augustin, Isidor of Seville etc— and all records of Councils before the 16th century are faked as well as the biggest part of Roman authors. Although his arguments could never be refuted, the Church defended after his death the authenticity of many of the texts that Hardouin had declared fakes.See articles on this page: concerning  Dante –  Prolegomena

Barthelemy Germon (1663-1712)

1703: De veteribus regum francorum diplomatibus et arte secernendi vera a falsis (Paris)

Germon originates from Orleans and worked mainly in Paris. Member of the then very important order of the Society of Jesus, he published —like many colleagues, but with more success to get it known— an extensive study of the falsifications that had been handed down during the last generations and incorporated into historiography. Against Jean Mabillon he could demonstrate that a great number of diplomas, chronicals, papal correspondence and accounts of councils of the church were inventions specially aimed to introduce certain theological ideas. The title of his main work would read in English as: “Of the old frankish royal documents and the art how to know what is authentic and what false.”

Gregorio Mayans y Siscar (1699-1781)

Mayans y Siscar was in his time famous and acknowleged. In 1742 he published in Valencia the unfinished work of late Nicolas Antonio who had unmasked the fabulous historiography of the Spanish Renaissance. Only now it began to bear fruit. He added an extensive biography of Antonio as well as laying bare the falsifications of Higuera, the lead tablets of Granada, the „chronicle“ of Hausbertus Hispalense of 1667 and others of the kind. His criticisme of the writings of the church fathers reads like a detective novel.

Nicolas Boulanger (1722-1759)

(postum1766): L’Antiquité dévoilée par ses usages (new edition by Hachette, Paris 1972)In his most important book to our concern he expressed the following ideas: All memorials are remembering the catatsrophically extincted humans. We can only know about mankind that lived after the last catastrophe. Chronology is exagerated by millenniums. Neither a meteorite nor a comet was the cause of catastrophes but each time the whole world has suffered a severe change. The prophecied Last Judgment is a mere projection of bygone catastrophes into the future.

Manuel Lacunza (1732-1801)

1796: La venida del Mesias en Gloria y Magestad (Isla de León; Cádiz) [Last Edition: 1969 Santiago de Chile]

Member of the Order of the Society of Jesus, Lacunza adopted the name Juan Josafat Ben Ezra, coined after the famous Spanish Hebraic theologian Abraham Ben-Ezra and his works are often published under this name.Already during his lifetime he was regarded as one of the greatest capacities in Biblical knowledge ever. His main concern was to develop a new concept of the genesis of the world based on the sacred texts explaining dislocations of the earth as a whole in historical times such as jolts of the earth rotaional axis. Thus he created catastrophism in a scientific way that influenced many a writer from Chili to Russia up to modern times. His great opus (written in very fine and popular spanish) appeared in 1796 in Isla de León (Cádiz, Spain) and had a number of larger reeditions as well as translations (in English it appeared at Ackermann in London 1827), but was banished by the Inquisition from 1812 onwards with growing intensity so that is was nearly forgotten when an abbreviated French translation reappeared 1934 (2° ed. 1963) in Switzerland, adding to the understanding of Hörbiger and later Velikovsky. Uwe Topper (1977) was deeply grateful to Lacunzas ideas.[See also: Lacunza and his influence]

Joseph Aschbach (1801-1881)

1868: Roswitha und Conrad Celtes (2. Edition. Vienna)

Aschbach, born in Germany, had studied in Heidelberg but worked as a professor at the Vienna University. Around 1860 he developed the critical method which allowed him to discover the faking of Roswitha von Gandersheim (Hrotsvith) and can serve as model for future research into the chaos of Renaissance fakes. He was an excellent arabist and, as a professor, very admired in Vienna; the Emperor even accorded him a nobility degree.

The fundament of Aschbach’s proceeding when analysing source material is: only the content can show us if a document is faked, because the material conditions – such as parchment, writing etc. – might be imitated in a perfect way, especially when there are no other pieces to rely on for comparison.

Polydore Hochart (1831-1916)

1884: Sénèque et la mort d’ Agrippine:étude historique / par H. Dacbert [i. e. Polydore Hochart] (E. J. Brill, Leiden und E. Lechevalier, Paris)
1885: Études sur la vie de Sénéque (Ernest Leroux, Paris) 285 S.
1888: Études d’histoire religieuse (Bordeaux) 419 S. (und Leroux Paris 1890)
1890: De l’autenticité des annales et des histoires de Tacite (Paris) 340 S.
1894: Nouvelles considérations au sujet des Annales et des Histoires de Tacite (Thorin et fils, Paris) 293

S.Polydore Hochart is born in 1831 in Bordeaux/France and tought French at a High School there. His scandalizing and enlightening book about the falsification of Tacitus was printed in 1890 in Bordeaux, edited by Ernest Thorin of Paris. Before that dramatic and rousing work Hochart had written other books about the life of Seneca and the invention of the persecution of Christians under Nero.We can assume that the books of Hochart were suppressed and forgotten because there was no alternative to silence them as they show remarkable knowledge which is difficult to defeat. Known is also a letter to the Abbe Anziani published in the Annuary of the University of Bordeau in 1890.
Hochart published some of his books under pseudonym as H. Dacbert. He died in 1916. See German translation of part of his book from 1890 here.

Reinhold Pallmann (1835-1894)

1858: De interitu imperii Romani occidentalis et de primo in Italia regno Germanorum (Halis Saxonum)
1863: Die Geschichte der Völkerwanderung von der Gothenbekehrung bis zum Tode Alarichs (Gotha, Perthes)
1866: Die Pfahlbauten und ihre Bewohner (Akadem. Buchhandl., Greifswald)
1870: Die Cimbern und Teutonen. Ein Beitrag zur altdeutschen Geschichte und zur deutschen Alterthumskunde (Berlin)
1896: Erklärung der Abkürzungen auf Münzen der neueren Zeit des Mittelalters und des Altertums sowie auf Gedenkmünzen und münzartigen Zeichen (Berlin), zusammen with Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf Schlickeysen, noch heute Standardwerk.

University librarian and teacher in Greifswald, Pallmann later went to Berlin where he taught as professor at High Schools. In his time he was a rather known historian yet his name does not appear in encyclopedias, where most of his colleagues are mentioned. This must be due to his revolutionary thoughts about prehistory he published but were rejected by established academicians.
Pallmann also wrote about education in history at high schools (Magdeburg 1860), about colonial politics (1886), about petrol to be refined from sand in Brandenburg (1882) etc. His criticism of prehistoric views in his book about South German lake-dwellers (1866) was reprinted in Leipzig 2003 so that again his revolutionary views are available. He died “after 1894” —the exact year is not known. Review of his book on the lake-dwellers (in German)

Edwin Johnson (1842-1901)

1887: Antiqua Mater. A Study of Christian Origins (Trübner; London)
1890: The Rise of Christendom (London)
1894: The Pauline Epistles (Watts, London)

Johnson worked as a professor for Classic Literature at New College in South Hampstead, England. He started analysing the Bible in a critical way, following the path of Baur and Harnack. From 1894 onwards, once retired, Johnson, who had already received harsh critics after publishing some of his new ideas, wrote the result of his life-long research down in form of a book called “The Pauline Epistles”.The result is quite revolutionary: The Christian church was created in the Benedictine monasteries of France (Paris and Lyon) around 1500. The classical ‘Fathers of the Church’ were written by poorly skilled monks, the New Testament follows later. There are no older texts, and the content allows to find out the historical moment: the invention of printing. Martin Luther’s reform was the first attempt to block the expansion of the French Catholic Church; before that there was no church at all.These thesis are the most radical ones we know; they are based, however, on Hardouin. Morosov and Fomenko knew Johnson’s books and used them for their research. Johnson translated the “Prolegomena” of Hardouin (published by Petherick in Sidney 1909), recently reedited bei H. Detering in Germany (2010). See German translation and commentary  here.

Nikolaj A. Morosov (1854-1946)

1912: Die Offenbarung Johannis. Eine astronomisch-historische Untersuchung (Verlag W. Spemann, Stuttgart)

Morosow was a Russian naturalist, mathematician and astronomer, who participated in the 1880s in the revolutionary movement against the tzar and spent an important part of his life in exile in Siberia, three times tried and condemned, in prison (his total stay in prison was 29 years).
As an autodidact, however extremely knowledgeable, Morosov started to question chronology around 1900. His most important work ‘Christ’ (7 vol.) is today the basis upon which rely the Russian researchers of chronology, most of all Anatoly Fomenko. In Germany, Morosov was known for his interpretation and new dating of the Book of Revelation, prologued by Arthur Drews himself. Morosov decided, bases on astronomic calculations, that the Apocalypse had been written in the night from September 30th to October 1st of the year 395 AD.

Arthur Drews (1865-1935)

1909-19011: Die Christusmythe (Diederichs, Jena)

After Bruno Bauer, the philosopher Arthur Drews (Karlsruhe, Germany) is the best known German critic who put into question the historic existence of Jesus. His book “Die Christusmythe” (‘The Christ Myth’, published 1909) unleashed strong debates, often on a very emotional basis, which had their echo in every part of the Empire. In the second volume ( 1911), Drews arguments with his opponents and offers new proofs for the impossibility to stick to a historic person as a model for the Christ figur.Albert Schweitzer and many others have worked on this basis. Drews’ works are still fundamental for Christian theology, although the author is not very widely known in Germany today.

Sir Galahad (1874-1948)

1924: Im Palast des Minos
1932: Mütter und Amazonen. Ein Umriß weiblicher Reiche

Sir Galahad was the pseudonym used by Bertha Diener, daughter of a factory owner in Vienna. In 1904, the writer left her husband, the well-known historian Friedrich Eckstein, and started to travel around. She wrote for magazines, translated other authors (such as Prentice Mulford) and wrote books. The most famous one is “Mütter und Amazonen” (Mothers and Amazons), first published in 1932. This analysis of the History of humankind, especially of the female part of it, written from a very personal viewpoint, has owned her enthusiastic followers and harsh enemies; nobody was left indifferent. The women’s movement consider her sometimes as an important pillar for its philosophy. Her account of her journey to Crete (1924) is useful for the critic of chronology, as well as several minor writings, today quite difficult to access.

Oswald Spengler (1880-1932)

1918-22: Der Untergang des Abendlandes
1937: Aufsätze und Reden
1966: Frühzeit der Weltgeschichte (postum, Fragment)

Spengler, a philosopher and historian, lived since 1911 in Munich as a researcher who was not too shy to position himself also on political questions of the moment. Modern critic of chronology and history has been influenced by his famous book “The decline of the West” which was published shortly after World War I, but even more by his much less known posthumous work “Early Times of World History”, which is not more than a collection of notes and papers. Among these, the most related to the subject of shortened chronology is a lecture about the early American cultures, which offers quite original positions. Spengler died in 1936, somehow avoided by the circles then in power in Germany, due to his straightforward openness.

Wilhelm Kammeier (1889-1959)

1935: Die Fälschung der deutschen Geschichte (Leipzig; reprint 1980 Wobbenbüll; 11. ed. Viöl 1999)
1936-39: Die Wahrheit über die Geschichte des Mittelalters (Leipzig; Faksimile  Wobbenbüll 1979; 3. corr. ed. Viöl 2003)
1956, postum 1981-82: Die Fälschung der Geschichte des Urchristentums (2. ed. Viöl 2001)

A school teacher working in Hannover, Kammeier researched since 1923 the German History. In his first book, written in 1926 but only published in 1935, he could show that all diplomas and manuscripts of the Middel Ages are faked. He bases his arguments on a detailed analysis of all known copies and discovers that we never can lay our hand on originals, nor on direct copies of those but only on second or third-hand copies which differ always in certain points… and that seems to be intended. Most of the diplomas mention several dates, but those can never brought into concordance, which is highly suspect.Kammeiers second work, published first as a series of articles, as book reedited in 1979, showed that the evolution of Christianity cannot have taken place in the way we are told. His work was not recognized by the contemporary scholars and he died in extreme poverty in Thuringia, Germany. It was not until the 1990s, when his books became an important fundament for the critics of chronology.

Immanuel Velikovsky (1895-1975)

1950: Worlds in Collision (Welten im Zusammenstoß)
1956: Earth in Upheaval (Erde im Aufruhr)

The German researcher H. Illig has characterised the basic ideas of this modern catastrophist in two accurate sentences: “The Jewish-Russian psychoanalyst, who first wrote in German, identified Mars and Venus as a threat to our Earth. Humankind, in that epoch, could only live with this mortal danger by banning of their minds the memory of the repeatedly outbursting catastrophs and converting the planets into gods by offering them ritual sacrifices”.
This thesis of banning the memory is one of the earliest fundaments of the modern chronological research and cannot be neglected. On the other hand, Velikovsky still stuck to a chronology fixed strictly on the Bible. During decades, his views didn’t make it into the mainstream science; only a new translation by Christoph Marx, in 1978, made Velikovsky known in Germany, where he found many followers.

Robert Baldauf (fl. early 20th century)

1902: Historie und Kritik (Vol. IV C)
1903: Historie und Kritik (Vol. I)

Baldauf is supposed to have worked as a professor at the University of Basle but nearly nothing is known about his person. It seems that he used a pseudonym. During the last years of the 19th century he studied the chronicles concerning Charlemagne, said to be written in the 9th and 11th century, whereas he found out that the language they’re written in must be much more recent. He applied the same lingüistic research method to the Roman authors and came to the conclusion that they are all Renaissance fakes, too. The Roman poets used stylistic ressources such as rhyme and alliteration! Not only Horace, Ovid and Caesar, also Homer, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Aristoteles were, according to Baldauf, “children of one century: the 14th. / 15th. Our Romans and Greeks were the Italian humanists”.

Baldauf managed to publish these findings in the second volume of his work in 1902, whereas the first volume, about Charlemagne, was published one year later. His ideas were given little attention until chronology criticism unearthed his books.

Ignacio Olagüe (1903-1974)

1969: Les arabes n’ont jamais envahi l’Espagne
1974: La revolución islámica en Occidente

Olagüe was born in northern Spain and studied in Valladolid and Madrid. In 1938 he started to write about History and in 1969 published, first in French, his surprising book “The Arabs never invaded Spain” which shows through a detailed research that there is no such thing as an Arab invasion: a military campaign from Egypt through Northern Africa, without a navy force, is impossible to imagine. Only a peaceful mission and a voluntary acceptance of the new religion can explain the expansion of the Arab language. He explains how early ‘Islam’ in Spain is a religion different from modern Islam and closer to Arianism. His book, somehow updated, was published in Spanish in 1974 and has been republished in recent years. See review here.
Latest criticism of the book of Olagüe in Spain  reviewed here bei Uwe Topper.

Julio Caro Baroja (1914-1995)

(1961): Las brujas y su mundo
(1991): Las Falsificaciones de la historia (en relación con la de España) (circulo de lectores, Barcelona – 2° 1992, Seix Baral, Barcelona)

Famous anthropologist and historian widely praised by the academy, Caro Baroja wrote about Spanish and Basque philology. He unmasked practices of the inquisition regarding witches and unveiled falsifications of Spanish documents of the 16th century like the socalled lead books of Granada. Thus he is regarded as one of the foremost critics of school-history.

Alfred de Grazia (1919-2014)

1983: The Lately Tortured Earth (Metron Publ., Princeton, USA)
1984: The Burning of Troy (Princeton N.J.)

Grazia was a politician and academic who continued vigorously the legacy and work of Velikovsky. Quantavolution, as he termed the science of revolutionary principle in cosmos and mankind, would eventually gain the battle against evolution and actualism. His prolific writing did substantially foster this aim. He envisioned that probably “large spans of assigned time in natural history are fictitious, or, if they occurred, little of the natural world changed during their passage.” (1983, p.2)

Günter Lüling (1928-2014)

1974: Über den Ur-Qur’an
1981: Die Wiederentdeckung des Propheten Mohammed
2003: A Challenge to Islam for Reformation Motilal Banarsidas Publ., Delhi, India (Translation of Über den Ur-Qur’an)

Lüling was a contributor to CronoLogo. Read a detailed biography at Günter Lüling.
Lüling studied Theology, Sociology and Islamic Sciences. During his work in Syria —directing the Goethe-Institut of Aleppo— he acquired a thorough knowledge of the Arabic languages and thus was able to reach a surprising conclusion: Around one third of the chapters of the Koran are originally Arabic Christian songs which made up an early religious book, later transformed into the Koran. The Kaaba was formerly a Byzantine church and the Prophet Mohammed didn’t fight against Pagan but Christian Arabs, thus the ‘idols’ he destroyed in the Kaaba were no other things than images of saints. The early Islam began as a Jewish-Christian sect and only centuries later was defined in the shape it is known today.
Lüling locates the birth of Islam in the 5th or 6th century; sticking thus to the conventional chronology. Although he still doesn’t integrate the possibility of a shortened chronology in his work, his ideas fit very well in the new vision of a shorter history. He published his findings in 1974, but those were never accepted by his colleagues. Only since 2004, Lüling’s ideas have started to be discussed in Germany. He died on September 10th, 2014.See also: Lüling, an orientalist against the mainstream and The Christian origins of the Koran.

Christoph Marx (1931-2016)

1996: Der bislang letzte “große Ruck” (Artikel in VFG 3/96)
Weitere Veröffentlichungen digital (www.paf.li)

Marx, the oldest of the German-speaking critics of chronology, coordinated for more than 30 years the Podium for Academic Freedom in Basle (Switzerland), where he published his own works as well as nearly forgotten texts by previous authors. His personal contact with Immanuel Velikovsky — whose books he translated into German — has contributed to spread the Catastrophism Theory in Germany. In 1982 he founded together with G. Heinsohn, Ch. Blöss, H. Illig and others the Society for the Reconstruction of the History of Humankind and Nature (GRMNG) which published regularly bulletins during 6 years. Still very activ, Marx lead the debate on the internet level and nearly all of his publications can be accessed on-line on his website  Podium für Akademische Freiheit. Marx died on May 18th, 2016. See our obituary here.

Horst Friedrich (1931-2015)

1997: Jahrhundert-Irrtum Eiszeit? (Efodon, Hohenpeißenberg)
1998: Erdkatastrophen und Menschheitsentwicklung. (Efodon, Hohenpeißenberg)

Friedrich, Dr. rer. nat., studied philosophie of science and history of science and reached his doctor’s degree in 1974 in Munich with a thesis about the natural sciences of the 17th century. During four decades he was activele participating in and focussing on controversies between unconventional researchers and scholars and the mainstream academic world.Many of his publications try to raise consciousness of the fact, that scientific views and cosmogonies have always a temporary and provisional character and therefore should be always considered with healthy scepticism. He believes that our universities need badly an institution which guarantees that a broad range of different views can be taught, a measure that would surely lead to an ‘outburst’ of knowledge and science.Friedrich wrote a number of articles for ‘Efodon-Synesis’ , a German magazine which he also led as co-editor during several years. He has good contacts to the international circles of he chronological critic and his articles in French and English have won him many friends. Friedrich passed away on december 25th, 2015. See an  evaluation of his work which appeared in 2010.

Gert Meier (1937-2019)

1988: Im Anfang war das Wort
1990: Die Wirklichkeit des Mythos
1999: Die deutsche Frühzeit war ganz anders

Gert Meier, Dr. jur., studied Law and Political Science, History and Modern Languages in Göttingen and Toronto. Until his retirement he worked as a lawyer in Cologne. His many voyages and his knowledge of several languages were a good base for exploring the early European history, apparition of the Slavic peoples and ancient sacred places. He has published several books on the megalithic culture, the development of writing and mythology. A critical lecture regarding new chronology was delivered and published in 2006.
Meier died January 29, 2019. See bibliography and obituary here.

Eugen Gabowitsch (1938-2009)

1999: China: wie entstand die Chronologie? (in Zeitensprünge,1/99)
2000: Betonbauten der Römer, Kelten und Ägypter (in Synesis, Nr. 37)

Gabowitsch, who owned a ScD degree, lived in Germany since 1980. Between 1981 and 2003 he directed the Department of Mathematic Models at the Research Center of Karlsruhe. He was active as translator and publisher, has written more than 100 publications in Estian, Russian, English and German and led the research on Asian History and ancient technologies.In 1999 Gabowitsch founded the Karlsruhe Historic Forum and in 2002, together with Uwe Topper, that of Potsdam. Both celebrated meetings and lectures every month during several years.
Thanks to his knowledge of Russian, Gabowitsch was the most important link between the German and the Russian circles and the one who spread Morosow‘s and Fomenko‘s theories in Germany. Since 2000 he ran the website Geschichte und Chronologie, which offers a broad range of articles by different authors and a forum for debates.Eugen Gabowitsch died on January 21st, 2009.

Wolfram Zarnack (1938-present)

1997: Hel, Jus und Apoll – Sonnen-Jahr und Feuer-Welle: Wurzeln des Christentums. (Selbstverlag, Göttingen)(Welten im Zusammenstoß)
1999: Das alteuropäische Heidentum als Mutter des Christentums (Efodon, Hohenpeißenberg)

Prof. emerit. Dr. Zarnack studied Physics and Mathematics at the universities of Berlin and Munich writing his thesis on the wing movements of the locust. From 1986 to 2003 he worked as a professor in Göttingen. His special interest in the origins of christianism led him to a decisive new thesis which changes the ideological set as well as the chronological one. Furthermore he challenges the indogermanists view of parentage and development of Germanic languages by his new insight.
His comments on Kammeier (in the new edition 2000) are precious and add much to understanding of this eminent figure which stands at the start of our research into the historiography of medieval times.

Paul C. Martin (1939-2020)

1994/95: Wie stark erhellen Münzen die ‘dark ages’ in Italien? (various articles in VFG 4/94 und 2/95)

Widely known in Germany and abroad because of his publicist and political actions —he worked as chief editor for the Bild journal and has published several books about economic problems— Martin is specialist on ancient coins and manuscripts of which he owns a number. He has a broad knowledge about the evolution of money and has written about Greek, Roman and Byzantin coins.
He acquired two doctorates (in history and economy) qualifying him thus for research work in chronology which he has done with acknowledged success demonstrated in lectures and articles. His incentive for the thesis of the late start of Christianism was supported by Topper (1998) and proves to be accurate as more authors dig into the field.
Martin died on April 3, 2020.

Uwe Topper (1940-present)

1977: Das Erbe der Giganten
1998: Die ›Große Aktion‹
1999: Erfundene Geschichte
2001: Fälschungen der Geschichte
2006: Kalendersprung

Topper is co-founder of and contributor to the site CronoLogo. Read a detailed biography at Uwe Topper.
Topper studied some semesters of Fine Arts and Islam and lived as a free-lance artist and writer in Southern Asia, Northern Africa and finally in Western Europe, with Berlin as a permanent reference. His field research in ethnological subjects and rock paintings led him to the conviction that the catastrophs that happened throughout the history of humankind can well be documented in the landscape, during excavations and by reading ancient texts. He published this findings in 1977. As co-founder of the Berlin History Meetings he focusses his research since 1993 on chronology.

Ulrich Voigt (1941-present)

2001: Esels Welt Mnemotechnik (Likanas Verlag, Hamburg)
2003: Das Jahr im Kopf. Kalender und Mnemotechnik (Likanas, Hamburg)

Dr. Ulrich Voigt is a teacher for higher education, now in retirement, in Hamburg, who taught History and Mathematics. He is World Champion in Memory Sports and has also a national record. In 1975 he published a book about David Hume and the problem of History which was his thesis of Doctorate. See his website  likanas.de.
With best arguments Voigt opposes the theory of fantome-time as claimed by Heribert Illig. See our discussion here.

Karin Wagner (1941-present)

Wagner is a contributor to CronoLogo. Read a detailed biography at Karin Wagner.
Karin Wagner, director of a private academy, assessor and responsible for the training of teachers, is working since 30 years on the critical reconstruction of the family tree of a noble French family, as well as researching in archives in whole Europe, specifically Italy. She also works on her doctoral thesis about Paul Diel.

Gunnar Heinsohn (1943-present)

1988: Die Sumerer gab es nicht (Eichborn Verlag)
1990: Wann lebten die Pharaonen? (with H. Illig)

Dr. Dr. Heinsohn studied Philosophie, Economy and Sociology in Berlin, and obtained his PhD in 1973. Since 1984 he was professor at the University Bremen (Germany). He is one of the first German critics of chronology and was in 1982 co-founder, together with Ch. Marx, Ch. Blöss and H. Illig, of the Society for the Reconstruction of the History of Humankind and Nature (GRMNG).His first chronological book The Sumerians never existed ( 1988) (see review here), based on clear historical and, above all, stratigraphical facts, showed that the History of Mesopotamia and Egypt is 2000 years too long, being the mistake due to the dates of the Bible. Heinsohn has published also books about the history of Egypt, about the Middle Ages, the persecution of witches, the history of religion and the development of money.His latest findings about stratigraphy and chronology of Jerusalem on  our site.
In a recent  letter to Heribert Illig Heinsohn explains the way he developed his new chronology.

Anatoly Fomenko (1945-present)

1992: Empirico-statistical Analysis (2 vol., Dordrecht)
2003: History: Fiction or Science? (Delamere Ressources, Isle of Man, UK, two volumes up to date)

Fomenko, a very well-known Russian mathematician, teaches Mathematics and Statistics at Moscow University. He is a member of the Russian Academy of Science. As founder and coordinator of the “New Chronology” he advocates a radical shortening of history, because —in his opinion— many early empires, as the Roman Empire, only mirror the later ones and exist only in literature.His statistical method of analysing history is widely debated, its core issue is the comparison of specific data (the length of reign of a king etc) in order to demonstrate the identity of different epochs. His critics accuse him to select the compared data in a subjectiv way. Fomenko’s Russian books have reached many readers and high numbers of copies, but translations are difficult to come by. Besides, Fomenko is also a renowned surrealist painter.

Gernot Geise (1945-present)

1988: Die Irrealität des Römischen Reiches – Wer waren die Römer wirklich?
2002: Das keltische Nachrichtensystem(2. Edition. Vienna)

Geise, a graphic technician, is since more than ten years the publisher of the magazine Synesis which offers its space to many authors who participate in the chronology debate. As cofounder and member of the Steering Board of Efodon – European Society for ancient tecnologies and subjects peripheric to Science, he has done much research on the Celtic walls.Together with Thomas Riemer he developed a new concept to understand the classic Roman history. He runs his own website: www.glgeise.de.

Walter Haug (1945-present)

2003: Die Entdeckung deutscher Pyramiden – ein archäologischer Reiseführer. Cernunnos Verlag (Paris)

Haug is a contributor to CronoLogo. Read a detailed biography at Walter Haug.
K. Walter Haug teaches German and Fine Arts and works as a Journalist, author and critic. Since the 1980s he researches ancient astronomy, ley-lines, megalithic culture and chronological problems. Since 1990 he specializes on cairns in Kraichgau and Zabergäu (Germany) and terraced pyramids in Germany.Since 2006, Haug participates in the drilling and electromagnetic measuring of tomb chambers in Germany, together with the Institut for Geophysics of the Karlsruhe University. He supports the privately funded detection of gamma rays at the Bärenstein in Horn (Westphalia, Germany)

Hans-Ulrich Niemitz (1946-2010)

1997: C-14 Crash (with Christian Blöss)

Niemitz taught Technical History at the Leipzig University (Germany). He was the first to rediscover Kammeier and the ‘hole’ in the Middle Ages and introduced the idea of phantom years in the German History. As a fundament for his theories, he analysed the technical methods of dating historic facts —such as dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating— and discovered surprising errors. Together with Chr. Blöss he published these results in 1997.
In 1994, Niemitz founded, together with Blöss and Uwe Topper, the Berlin Historic Meetings, which he coordinated until 2007. Since 1991 he has published a large number of lectures and articles. He died on Nov 2nd, 2010.
An English translation of Niemitz’ main theorie is to be found on the page of the University of Cambridge, England:
“Did the Early Middle Ages Really Exist ?”  http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/volatile/Niemitz-1997.pdf

Jordan Tabov (1946-present)

1997: The downfall of ancient Bulgaria Sofia (in Bulgarian)
2003: When became the Rus of Kiev Christians? Sankt Peterburg (in Russian)

Tabov is a contributor to CronoLogo. Read a detailed biography at  Jordan Tabov and his  articles here.
Jordan Tabov is a mathematician and a member of the Academy of Science of Bulgaria. He specialises on the application of mathematics to historical issues and chronology. In 1998, Tabov founded in Sofia the seminar Anachronism, where meetings are held twice a month.
Tabov has recieved several prices, among them the Bronze Medal of the 7th International Mathematical Olympiad in Berlin (1965) and the Paul-Erdos-Price of the World Federation of National Mathematics Competitions (1994).

Heribert Illig (1947-present)

1988: Die veraltete Vorzeit
1994: Hat Karl der Große je gelebt?
1999: Wer hat an der Uhr gedreht?

Illig, who owns a PhD, lives as a analyst and publisher in Gräfelfing (Munich, Germany). 1982 he was, together with Ch. Marx, Ch. Blöss und G. Heinsohn, one of the founders and secretary of the Society for Reconstruction of the History of Humankind and Nature (GRMNG). Since 1989 he publishes together with Heinsohn the quarterly bulletin “Vorzeit-Frühzeit-Gegenwart” (VFG, ‘Prehistory – Protohistory-Present’), in 1995 renamed as “Zeitensprünge (ZS, “Time Bolts “), which in the early 1990s was an important platform for nearly every author active in the chronology debate.
Due to his participation in mass media debates, Illig is one of the best known German authors among the critics of History. Since 1994 he supports the idea that the Middle Ages were stretched by 297 years, so that the years between 614 and 911 AD should be cut out to restore the real timeframe. First a courageous, even shocking, idea, this theory is today considered conservative by many critical authors, because it considers the History before 614 and after 911 as correctly documented.Illig runs the Mantis Verlag, which publishes many books about chronological research.

François de Sarre (1947-present)

1987: Als das Mittelmeer trocken war
2013: Mais où est donc passé le Moyen Age ? Le récentisme (éditions Hades, Rouen)

De Sarre is a contributor to CronoLogo. Read a detailed biography at François de Sarre.
François de Sarre works as a zoologist specialised on Fish and the evolution of vertebrates. He has published many articles about the Mediterranean Ichthyofauna. Since 1985 he works on a subject still quite unknown to the public: the theory of the initial bipedalism of vertebrates. In 1988 he founded in Nice / France the Centre for Studies and Research of Initial Bipedalism and publishes the magazine Bipedia.In the 1990s he contacted with the group of German researchers who question the chronology and writes about the catastrophes that shaped the History of the Mediterranean, based on zoological and geological facts.

Peter Winzeler (1948-present)

1986: Zwingli als Theologe der Befreiung (Basel)
1998: “Losend dem Gotzwort!” G. W. Lochers Bedeutung für die Zwingliforschung. In: In: Zwingliana XXV, 1998,43-63)

Dr. phil. Peter Winzeler studied theology in Zürich, showing specific interest for the history of religions and the orientalistic school; in Berlin he researched historical-critical methods of explaining the Bible. Today he teaches Theology of the Reformation at the University of Bern. During the 1980s, Winzeler published several articles at the bulletin of the Society for the Reconstruction of the History of Humankind and Nature (GRMNG) and he is still one of the most important contributors to the newsletter “Zeitensprünge”, published by H. Illig.
He takes position against some radical solutions of the chronological problems as proposed by A. Fomenko or Christoph Marx and works towards a revision of chronology which keeps in mind the consequences of this revision for our present culture. See his articles in our German library.

Thomas Riemer (c.1950-c.2009)

1987: Der europäische Luftraum in der Antike in: ‘Von heiligen Linien und heiligen Orten’ (Halver); with Lück Reinhold
1991: Die Schusterkugel in: Mysteria 88/89
1994: Der Teufel, ein ehemals ehrbarer Berufsstand

Thomas Riemer, born around 1950 in Germany, studied on his own in Freiburg/South Germany, while working at the University library, having also contact to the Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology. He edited the periodical “Mysteria” in the 1980s, and in 1990 was cofounder (with Gernot Geise a.o.) of the Efodon Verein where he published until his exit in 1994.He travelled a lot, giving lectures, visiting fairs and holding seminaries. In 1992 he took part in the excavation of a Keltenschanze (i..e. a square wall system attributed to the Celtic culture) at Riedhausen (near Murnau, Bavaria) starting the first project to register and map those strange relicts of prehistory. It was then that he suggested that there is a gap in medieval history. In 1995 he left for the Near East and since then he never contacted his former colleagues. He died around 2009 in Mannheim (Germany).

Zainab Angelika Müller (1951-present)

1990: Die Quelle. Über die Zweifelhaftigkeit ‘alter’ Überlieferung (Artikel in VFG 5/90, 15-19)

Zainab Angelika Müller studied pedagogy in Münster and Munich and worked between 1977 and 1980 as production director, lector and editor in a publishing house focussed on women’s subject. Thrilled by Immanuel Velikovsky‘s theories about catastrophs in the history of humankind, she was in 1982 among the founders of the Gesellschaft zur Rekonstruktion der Menschheits- und Naturgeschichte (GRMNG e.V., Society for the Reconstruction of the History of Humankind and Nature). In this context she gave lectures and published in VFG/ZS and other critical magazines. Her special interest concern the history of symbols and religions. She runs a very special website  Symbolforschung.

Hermann Detering (1953-2018)

1995: Der gefälschte Paulus – das Urchristentum im Zwielicht (Berlin)
2000: Die Gegner des Paulus im Galaterbrief (Berlin)
2005: Judas und das Judas-Evangelium
2011: Falsche Zeugen (Aschaffenburg)
2015: O du lieber Augustin (Aschaffenburg)

Dr. theol. Hermann Detering was a protestant parish priest in Berlin. He learned the methods of a scholarly critic of the Bible at the renowned theologian Walter Schmithals. Detering achieved recognition by his critical review of Paul, the founder of the Church. His analysis shows that all of the epistles attributed to Paul have ben faked in the 2nd century. In his latest work (2015) he transposes Sanct Augustin to the 11th century.Detering runs the website  Radikalkritik. His motto is: De omnibus dubitandum (everything must be doubted). Besides, he is an excellent painter.

Christoph Pfister (1953-present)

2002 / 2005: Die Matrix der alten GeschichtePfister works as a teacher in Freiburg (Switzerland) where he studied and reached his PhD in Modern History. Since the 1990s he focusses also on Ancient History and Middle Ages. He believes that the really documented History does not start before the 17th century and that all older documents were written after that date. Pfister bases his theories frequently on documents of the Swiss region where he lives. He publishes his ideas not only in books and magazines but also on his homepage Dillum.

Franz Siepe (1955-2013)

2002: Fragen der Marienverehrung (Mantis Verl.)

Siepe studied German literature, politics and philosophy in Marburg (Germany) where he later on worked as language advisor and free writer. He published for radio programs and wrote essays and book reviews. From 1998 to 2006 he wrote several articles for Heribert Illig’s quarterly “Zeitensprünge” (Mantis, Gräfelfing) and published a book with the same editor on the adoration of St. Mary (2002).His most important article he wrote together with his wife Ursula Siepe in 1998: „Wußte Ghiberti von der ‚Phantomzeit’?“ (in: Zeitensprünge 10, S. 305-319) reflections on the historiography of Italian Renaissance concerning their concept that from the end of the Roman Empire only 700 years (and not one thousand, as is proposed now) had elapsed. See  evaluation of the two articles here.

Christian Blöss (1957-present)

1997: C-14 Crash (with Hans-Ulrich Niemitz)
2000: Ceno-CrashBlöss is a contributor to CronoLogo. Read a detailed biography at Christian Blöss.

Blöss, who works as a physicist, lives in Berlin. Since the 1980s he critics the theory of evolution as created by Darwin and studies the aspects of catastrophs originated by planets. Together with Ch. Marx, G. Heinsohn and and H. Illig he started to work in 1982 at the Society for Reconstruction of the History of Humankind and Nature (GRMNG) which he led as a vice-president. Together with Uwe Topper and H.-U. Niemitz he founded in 1994 the Berlin Historic Meetings (BGS).Since several years he works together with Niemitz on a critical analysis of physical methods to date historical facts, as the radiocarbon method; his book C-14 Crash shows that this method is not trustworthy. His second book Ceno-Crash offers a new shortened chronology for our planet’s geological epochs.

Gleb Nosovki (1958-present)

Co-Author with Anatoly Fomenko

Russian mathematician specialised in probability and statistics. Together with Anatoly Fomenko he calculated new dates for ancient Egyptian illustrations of sky and horoscopes that relocate them right into Renaissance-times.

Andreas Tschurilow (1962-2013)

Tschurilow was engineer and lived in Deggendorf (Bavaria). He has worked on a detailed analysis of Pompeii, where he could document the traces of a water channel of the 17th century underneath the supposed Roman villas supposing that this town was repopulated in the 17th century.See our article here and his website  tschurilow.de.

Emilio González Ferrín (1965-present)

2006: Historia General de al-Andalus (Almuzara, Córdoba)
2004: Las Rutas del Islam en Andalucía. (Sevilla. Fundación José Manuel Lara)
2002: La Palabra Descendida: un Acercamiento al Corán. (Oviedo. Nobel)

Ferrín is professor of Arabic and the History of Islam at the University of Sevilla. He specialises in medieval arabic Spain, al-Andalus. As a continuater of Olagüe he describes the conversion of Al-Andalus in his own terms as religious evolution and not invasion, thus also approaching the ideas of Günter Lüling. Ferrin is contributor to our site, see two Spanish articles of his in our library.

Andreas Otte (1967-present)

various articles in Illig’s “Zeitensprünge”
2007: editor of Festschrift “Heribert Illig zum 60. Geburtstag”
Webmaster of the sites of Heribert Illig

Otte, Dipl. Informatician, became aware of the debate on chronology criticism in 2000. Since end of 2000 he is reader and contributor of “Zeitensprünge”. Important to him is the use of logic and verifiable definitions as well as an altogether reliable argumentation and a neat presentation of the sources.
Otte directs his own website on the electric universum: www.elektrisches-universum.de.

Ilya U. Topper (1972-present)

1994: 300 Jahre Phantomzeit? Kritische Kommentare (Artikel in VFG, 4/94)
1998: Apuntes sobre la era árabe en el contexto mediterráneo in: al-Andalus-Magreb. Nº 6. Jahrbuch der Universität Cádiz

Topper is contributor to and technical responsible for the website CronoLogo. Read a detailed biography at Ilya U. Topper
Ilya U. Topper was raised in Morocco. He works as a free-lance journalist based in Spain. Since 1994 he began to take interest in chronological issues and, speaking Arab, specialised on Islamic history. He works together with Uwe Topper on calendar issues. Since 2005 he tries to spread the critical theories in Spain, where they were so far unknown, by launching the website CronoLogo in several languages, among them in Spanish.

Mischa Gabowitsch (1977-present)

2000: Fomenco et la nouvelle chronologie

Mischa Gabowitsch, son of Eugen Gabowitsch, dominates several languages. He made his doctorate in 2007 at the High School of Social Sciences at Paris. He works as editor of a Russian magazin at Moscow and as well at Peterburg. He is fellow of Princeton university (USA) and nowadays employed at the Einstein Institut at Potsdam. Look for his severe critique of  Fomenko et la „nouvelle chronologie“.

Clark Whelton (fl.c.2000)

2000: “Velikovsky, Fundamentalism, and the Revised Chronology”, Catastrophism

Clark Whelton lives in New York as political writer, and is author of articles on Velikovsky. In 1979, he taught at the New School for Social Research in New York on “the Velikovsky Question”. Together with Milton Zysman he co-edited the proceedings of the „Catastrophism 2000“ conference.
Whelton shows Velikovsky‘s ‘hidden fundamentalism’ as being based on the Bible by stating 1992 in ISIS (Vol XIV) that by „Velikovsky’s uncompromising belief in the accuracy of biblical chronology … his revisions, however startling and courageous they were and how far they went, did not quite go far enough.“

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References:

[1] – http://www.ilya.it/chrono/enpages/weristwer.html. Accessed 28 July 2020.

[2] – http://chronologia.org/en/kw1.pdf. Accessed 28 July 2020.

[3] – “Part I: The Auxiliary Sciences. II. Chronology.” The Catholic Historical Review, vol. 2, no. 2, 1916, pp. 240–243. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25011427. Accessed 3 Oct. 2020.

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