The 29 Fundamental Points of Chronology

This article contains the list of 29 “Fundamental Points” of chronology given by Petavius.^{[1, p.46-48]}

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Hearne communicated Petavius’ 29 points^[2]. Below, the dates are marked directly after the point number. They begin in BC, and descend until 1 AD, at which point they continue on as AD.

Points 1-7 are a mixed bag of history, having a bit of every type of history aside from Islamic, which happens to be the very last point, #29. Points 8-16 are all Greek history. Points 17-28 are all Roman history.
The number of points for each type of history and the percentage they make up for the 29 points:
Roman: 13. 44.8%.
Greek: 10. 34.4%.
Persian: 3. 10.3%.
Jewish: 1. 3.4%.
Babylonian: 1. 3.4%.
Islamic: 1. 3.4%.

Greek and Roman history are just shy of making up 80% (4/5) of the 29 points.

The 29 points are:

1 – 38. The Sabbatical Year of the Iews. (Jewish)

2 – 776 BC. The beginning of the Olympiads. (Greek)

3 – 753. The building of Rome according to Varro. (Roman)

4 – 747. The Aera of Nabonassar. (Babylonian)

5 – 560. Cyrus lays the Foundation of the Persian Monarchy. (Persian)

6 – 529. Cambisis, Cyrus‘s Son, began to reign. 529-BC. (Persian)

7 – 521. Darius, Histaspes‘s Son, began to reign. 521-BC. (Persian)

8 – 480. Sea-fight betwixt Xerxes and the Grecians near Salamina. (Greek)

9 – 431. The beginning of the Peloponesian War. (Greek)

10 – 331. A Victory gain’d by Alexander the Great at Arabella; the end of the Persian Empire. (Greek)

11 – 324. The Death of Alexander the Great. (Greek)

12 – 312. The Aera of the Seleucidae. (Greek)

13 – 285. Ptolomeus Philadelpus began his Reign. (Greek)

14 – 181. Ptolomeus VI. or Philometor began to Reign. (Greek)

15 – 168. The Kingdom of Macedon ends in Perseus. (Greek)

16 – 168. Antiochus Epiphanes prophanes the Temple. (Greek)

17 – 45. The first Iulian Year. (Roman)

18 – 38. The Aera of Spain. (Roman)

19 – 31. The Battle of Actium, wherein Anthony is vanquished, and Cleopatra dies.
30. Whence the Egyptians began an Aera. (Roman)

20 – 1 AD. The Vulgar Aera, or the Birth of Jesus Christ, beginning on the Calends, or First Day of Ianuary, the middle of the 4th Year of the 194 Olympiad.Years of the Vulg. Aera. (Roman)

21 – 14. The Death of Caesar Augustus. (Roman)

22 – 41. Claudius succeeds Caius Caligula. (Roman)

23 – 54. Nero reigns after Claudius. (Roman)

24 – 96. Death of Domitian. (Roman)

25 – 284. The Aera of Dioclesian, or of Martyrs. (Roman)

26 – 325. The Council of Nice is held. (Roman)

27 – 337. Constantine the Great dies. (Roman)

28 – 364. Valentinian I. began to reign. (Roman)

29 – 622. The Hegira, or Flight of the false Prophet Mahomet. (Islamic)

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The Latin Text of Petavius’ Rationarium Temporum par. 2. lib. 1. cap. 15.^{[1, p.46-48]}

Page 46

RATIONARII TEMPORUM

CAPUT XV.

Canonium epocharum aliquot, de quibus periti omnes inter se conveniunt.

Per Jul.	Ante Christum.
4550	164
4578	136
4676	38

1 – Sabbatici anni Judaeorum ab autumno trium horum annorum certissime coepti sunt: ita ut sabbatismus horum trium annorum sinem & sequentium partem majorem occupaverit. Quocirca utcumque de primo Sabbatico post exitum ex AEgypto Chronologus statuat, debet ab ello positus annus tribus istis respondere, infra lib. 2. cap. 7.

2 – Primus agon Iphiti, five Olympiadum initium, contigit anno Per. Jul. 3938. ante Christi vulgarem natalem 776. lib. 3. cap. 1.

3 – Annus primus Urbis Varronianus, five Palilia Varroniana, quae in annum 3. exeuntem Olympoadis 6. conseruntur, congruunt in annum Per. Jul. 3961. ante Christum 735. Capitolinorum vero Fastorum Palilia, quae anno 4. Olympiadis ejusdem imputantur, cadunt in annum Per. Jul. 3962. ante Christum 752. lib. 3. cap. 2.

4 – Aera Nabonassari, qua Ptolemaeus, Censorinus, aliique utuntur, iniit Februarii 26. anni Per. Jul. 3967. ante Christum 747. lib. 3. cap. 3.

5 – Medorum imperium, ultimo in ordinem redacto Rege Astyage, translatum est in Persas, iisque primum regnavit Cyrus anno Per. Jul. 4154. vel 4155. ante Christum 560. vel 559. host est anno 1. Olympiadis 55. lib. 3. cap. 8.

6 – Cambyses Cyri silius regnare est orsus anno Per. Jul. 4185. ante Christum 529. lib. 3. capp. 8. & 10.

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7 – Darius Hystaspis silius iniit anno Per. Jul. 4193. ante Christium 521. Idem vero saltem ad 31. imperii pervenit annum, ibid.

8 – Xerxis navale cum Graecis certamen ad Salamina sactum est anno 1. Olympiadis 75. Per. Jul. 4234. ante Christum 480. lib. 3. capp. 10. & 11.

9 – Bellum Peloponnesiacum iniit anno Per. Jul. 4283. ante Christum 431. ibid. cap. 11.

10 – Alexandri M. victoria ad Arbella, & imperii Persici occasus, incidit in annum Per. Jul. 4383. ante Christum 331. lib. 3. cap. 12.

11 – Mortuus est Alexander M. anno Per. Jul. 4390. ante Christum 324. aut saltem anno Per. Jul. 4391. ante Christum 323. ibid.

12 – Seleucidarum aera, qua Macedones in Oriente sunt usi, quique anni Graecorum appelantur in libris Machabaeorum, coepit anno Per. Jul. 4402. ante Christum 312. sed in lib. 1. Machab. ejus initium a vere, in secundo libro, ab autumno sequente ducitur, lib. 3. cap. 13.

13 – Ptolemaeus Philadelphus regnare coepit anno Per. Jul. 4429. ante Christum 285. lib. 3. cap. 12.

14 – Ptolemaeus VI. cognomento Philometor iniit anno Per. Jul. 4543. aut 4544. ante Christum 181. vel 180. ibid.

15 – Macedonicum regnum clade Persei defecit in Europa anno Per. Jul. 4546 ante Christum 168. quo anno Paulus Aemilius Macedonas acie superavit, lib. 2. cap. 14.

16 – Antiochus Epiphanes templum prosanavit Hierosolymis anno Seleucidarum 145. Per. Jul. 4546. ante Christum 168. lib. 4. Part. 1. cap. 9.

17 – Annus I. Julianus coeptus est anno Per. Jul. 4669. ante Christum 45. lib. 3. cap. 14.

18 – Aera Hispaniensis incipit anno Per. Jul. 4676. ante Christum 38. ibid.

19 – Victus est ad Actium Antonius cum Cleopatra anno Per. Jul. 4683. ante Christum 31. Mortui sunt autem ambo anno sequenti, a quo & anni Aegyptio–

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Aegyptiorum Actiaci coeperunt. Per. Jul. 4684. ante Christum 30. lib. 3. cap. 15.

20 – Aera Christiana vulgaris incipit a Calendis Januariis anni Per. Jul. 4714. Juliano anno 46. Olympiadis 194. anno 4. dimidiato, lib. 4. c. 1.

21 – Augustus Imperator obiit mensis cognominis die 19. anno Juliano 59. era Christianae 14. lib. 4. cap. 5.

22 – Claudius Nero Cajo successit anno Christi 41. ibid.

23 – Domitius Nero post Claudium imperare coepit anno Christi 14. ibid.

24 – Domitianus anno Christi 96. periit, ibid.

25 – Aera Diocletiani iniit anno Christi 284. lib. 4. cap. 9.

26 – Nicaena Synodus anno Christi 325. celebrata est, lib. 4. cap. 13.

27 – Obiit Constantinus M. anno Christi 337. lib. 5. cap. 11.

28 – Valentianus I. imperare coepit anno Christi 364. lib. 4. cap. 12.

29 – Anni Hegirae, quibus Arabes utuntur ex anno Christi 622. Julii 16. die, procedunt, lib. 4. cap. 15.

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References:

[1] – [Rationarium Temporum par. 2. lib. 1. cap. 15.]. https://books.google.com/books?id=MvxKeFXRmnIC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false. Accessed 4 Sept. 2020.

[2] – https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A43199.0001.001/1:6.1.2?rgn=div3;view=fulltext. Accessed 4 Sept. 2020.

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